Marks and Spencer PLC financial performance- answer 3 questions Essay

Imprints and Spencer PLC budgetary execution answer 3 inquiries - Essay Example See Table A beneath comparable to Appendices A, B, C and A-1. It might be noticed that arrival on value utilizes the equation where net benefit is partitioned by the all out stockholders’ value. When contrasted with a normal pace of 0.50% if cash was put resources into a bank, its normal ROE of 35% makes it to in excess of a seventy times and the rate is something truly amazing to discover for financial specialists. The 0.50% is the Bank of England base rate could speak to the hazard free rate interest in the UK (Housepricecrash, 2011). Beside productivity, it is likewise speaking to know whether the organization the board is effective. To quantify the last mentioned, this paper utilizes return on resources (ROA). The company’s normal ROA of 9% throughout the previous six years was higher than industry normal of 1.6%. Hole seemed to have higher normal ROA however ROE is additionally controlling from the perspective of financial specialists (Van Horne, 1992). By looking at the two proportions, apparently MKS is both gainful and productive than industry. The justifiable gainfulness and effectiveness of the organization is additionally demonstrated by the company’s net working edge and net overall revenue. The subsequent normal working edge and normal net revenues for as far back as six years are 11% and 7% separately as against the business midpoints of 2.02% and 1.13% individually. Working edge results subsequent to deducting cost of deals or benefits and working costs from net edge (Helfert, 2001) MKS’s net edge for the most recent year time frame was posted at 5.7% as against industry normal of 0.23%. See Table A. On the off chance that the rate is thought about the working net revenue, it could be discovered that net overall revenue is lower. This implies MKS expected to spend different costs to fund a portion of its obtaining. It further implies that MKS is utilizing different people’s cash while improving productivity for

Binomial Distributions in Public Health

As indicated by Gerstman (2007), a binomial occasion is what has just two results, and accordingly in the event that the likelihood for one of the results is known, at that point the likelihood that the other result will happen is essentially the distinction of the known likelihood from 1. Regarding rehashed preliminaries as autonomous occasions, the aggregation of consequences of a binomial investigation adjusting the quantity of wanted victories while keeping the quantity of preliminaries fixed structures a binomial distribution.The binomial likelihood circulation in this manner gives a thought of how likely it is that progressive triumphs can happen over a given number of preliminaries. For state a straightforward trial of tossing a reasonable coin multiple times, the likelihood of getting a heads in any hurl is 0. 5. Accordingly, the likelihood of getting no heads at all in the four hurls is 0. 5^4 while the likelihood of getting precisely 1 heads is 0. 5^2, and the likelihood of getting 2 heads is 0.5 and afterward the likelihood of getting multiple heads diminishes in a similar way that the probabilities expanded in the movement depicted. In the event that the probabilities are modified so that achievement is significantly more likely in a solitary occasion than disappointment, at that point given five preliminaries it would be normal that having progressive victories would be more plausible than progressive disappointments. The binomial conveyance additionally permits probabilities for numerous occasions to just be included request to give a thought of the all out likelihood for that event.For model while figuring out what the likelihood of getting all things considered 2 heads in four flips of a coin, the probabilities of getting precisely 0 heads, 1 heads, and 2 heads can basically be added to give the right likelihood for getting close to 2 heads. Give this nature of the binomial likelihood appropriation, its applications to general wellbeing gets cle ar. Villeneuve (2002) states that the binomial appropriation can be utilized â€Å"to portray the occasions an occasion [such as a disease] will happen in a gathering of [people]† if the likelihood concerning the event of that occasion is known.For model, if the likelihood of getting tainted by rabies on the off chance that you were chomped by a specific creature is known, at that point given a specific number of individuals who were totally nibbled by that specific creature in a zone it is conceivable to sensibly decide what number of those individuals are probably going to be exacted with rabies. General wellbeing experts should be all around advised with what binomial probabilities and dispersions are so they will have the option to settle on steady choices dependent on information that they have on hand.Oftentimes, general wellbeing specialists that have duties at the full scale level are set with choices including prioritization wherein the one liable needs to settle on a choice that would concern the division of a restricted measure of assets. With data that can be demonstrated utilizing a binomial circulation, the general wellbeing expert would have the option to have an increasingly dependable thought on the most proficient method to assign such resources.Going back to the case of rabies, if a few episodes happened simultaneously in various territories with an alternate creature causing every flare-up, at that point dependent on the likelihood of getting rabies from every specific creature and the quantity of patients chomped in every zone, a general wellbeing specialist can utilize binomial appropriations as a decent reason for dispensing a set number of faculty, gear, and medication for every one of the regions. Numerous ailments, for example, malignancy or AIDS can be portrayed as a binomial investigation. That is, one either has malignant growth or doesn't and one either has AIDS or does not.In such cases, information on the binomial dispers ion can be valuable to general wellbeing officials in empowering them to anticipate the probabilities related with the condition happening on a specific populace. References Gerstman, B. (2007). Fundamental Biostatistics: Statistics for Public Health Practice. Jones and Bartlett Villeneuve, P. (2002). â€Å"Binomial Distribution. † Encyclopedia of Public Health. Ed. Lester Breslow. Hurricane Cengage. Recovered December 26, 2008 from eNotes. com: http://www. enotes. com/general wellbeing reference book/binomial-circulation

Tens of Thousands

Tens of Thousands Vague numbers like tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands and tens of millions are not scientific. They can be used as a sheer exaggeration, or they could reflect a vague number thats based on fact. Of course, you could always ask people to clarify what they really mean, or look up the real facts for yourself, but here are a few guidelines when you do use or come across numbers like this. Exaggeration When it comes to exaggeration, anything goes as long as the number is far from representing any reality. Its usually fairly obvious when someone is doing this because what they are saying is frankly impossible, or at least, unlikely. What they really mean is a lot. Although thousands and millions are more frequently used in exaggeration than tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands, theres nothing to stop people from getting creative when indulging in the art of exaggeration! Vague Real Numbers Look carefully at the phrase tens of thousands. The word tens is pluralized, so just 10,000 would be too few. You need several sets of ten to make up tens. We have now successfully eliminated all numbers from 10,000 to 19,999. As soon as we hit the 20,000 mark, we now have more than one set of ten, so we can use the plural form. This holds true all the way up to 99,999, although, by the time you get to the upper limit almost a hundred thousand, though still vague, gives a better indication of just how big the numbers are. Vague Hundreds of Thousands Now that weve looked at tens of thousands, you could probably write this paragraph for me, but in case I lost you first time round, lets take it from the top. Hundreds means more than one set of a hundred, so you cant speak of hundreds of thousands of anything without exaggerating until you get to the two hundred thousand level. You can carry on talking about hundreds of thousands until the number under discussion reaches one million, but most people would point out that anything over 900,000 is getting close to a million. Why Be Vague About Numbers? There are actually several reasons to be unclear about numbers: You dont know what the number is, and youre guessing. You have some idea of the number, but there could be more or less than that. Youre using these expressions for effect and know you may be exaggerating. You arent exaggerating, but you either dont have, or couldnt be bothered with, exact numbers. The exact numbers arent really important. How About Some Examples? People have been making fires using this method for hundreds of thousands of years. Modern humans are said to have evolved about 200,000 years ago, so its not incorrect to use hundreds of thousands. Besides, the exact number here isnt really important. What you are saying is that people have used a certain method to make fires for a very, very long time. If you do my writing challenge, youll write tens of thousands of words this year. Again, the exact number really isnt an issue in this statement. I just want people to know that they can write a lot of words using a simple challenge. If the person is interested in knowing more after reading this statement, they can look to see the exact number is 66,795 words. There must be hundreds of thousands of bacteria living on that decaying food! Heres a statement thats sheer guesswork. You have absolutely no idea how many bacteria are living on the food, but by the look of it, there must be plenty. Judging from the poll, there are tens of thousands of people who agree with me. There was a number. It was big. You cant really remember it, and you cant be bothered to get the exact figure. Was it 30,000, or was it 50,000? Youre not really sure. With how many tens of thousands of grains of salt should you take vague number statements? To put it differently, can you take people seriously when they use vague numbers? I think the best bet is to believe that they mean a lot and judging by the context, you should be able to get some idea of whether their tens or hundreds of thousands really do fall into the numerical range suggested by the phrases. All the same, you cant take numbers like that too seriously. Theyre just too broad, and they can too easily be used to make exaggerated claims. When in doubt, find out. Thats what Google is for. (Photo courtesy of James Cridland)

All Quiet And The Western Front By Erich Maria Remarque

â€Å"We are forlorn like children, and experienced like old men, we are crude and sorrowful and superï ¬ cial, I believe we are lost† (Remarque 123). World War I is a tragic event that occurred in 1914 to 1918. Paul Baumer and the rest of the soldiers in the novel of â€Å"All Quiet in the Western Front† by Erich Maria Remarque are lost; they are broken from the fist World War, they don’t know anything aside from War, and they have lost their innocence during the years of maturation. When the young men heard about the War, they were excited, and full of life, they thought they were going on an adventure. The adventure began on July 28th, 1914 and Paul Baumer is five miles behind a French front. As the First World War begins, the soldiers believe it is honorable to join but as they spend more time in war and gain experience they realize war is a lot different from what they had in mind. The soldiers become more hopeless as the days and years pass. The life in the trenches was risky, and every day could be the soldiers last. â€Å"I am so alone and so without hope that I can confront them without fear† (Remarque 295). This quotation shows how Paul Baumer has lost all his hope, and desire. The soldiers no longer fight for their country, they do not desire to make it out alive, the First World War has made them so miserable, and so hopeless they have lost feelings for everything. Everyone except for Paul Baumer has died from his class. It is the beautiful season of autumn, and it starts byShow MoreRelatedAll Quiet On The Western Front By Erich Maria Remarque1714 Words   |  7 P agesAll Quiet on the Western Front written by Erich Maria Remarque is a narrative describing World War I from a German soldier s perspective. The story is narrated by Paul Baà ¼mer and predominantly revolves around the experiences of him and his comrades Kemmerich, Katczinsky, Kropp, Mà ¼ller, and Leer. The novel begins with Paul Baà ¼mer and his friends in a cheerful mood as extra rations are being allocated to them due to the missing soldiers. During this event, Baà ¼mer introduces and describes the variousRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front By Erich Maria Remarque1469 Words   |  6 Pagesjoy and happiness in life. Through the experiences that the soldiers encounter, their humanity is compromised. Thus, as war strips soldiers of their innocence, they start to become disconnected from themselves and others. In All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque illustrates the negative effects war has on a soldier’s humanity, through his use of Paul’s books and the potato pancakes by revealing the soldiers loss of emotion that causes them to become detached from society. Through theseRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front, By Erich Maria Remarque732 Words   |  3 Pageshistory, war between man has been nearly inevitable. The impact of war has always been devastating on all aspects. However, loss in war is mostly seen within the loss of land, wealth and the numbers of lives lost. There are few accounts of the true losses felt from war, the loss felt by the survivors and the true cost of human life. In the excerpt from All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, illustrates the impact on human life and question what the cost of human life was impacted. WhileRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque800 Words   |  3 Pages All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque was the war novel that changed what ‘war novel’ meant. No longer would war be a fantasy for the growing genera tion, but a real-life death trap. World War I came with many innovations to warfare: machine guns, poison gases, trench-style warfare. While these technologies were supposed to improve warfare, it made war longer with more casualties. In All Quiet on the Western Front war is not looked up to, it is looked down upon from the perspectiveRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front By Erich Maria Remarque2100 Words   |  9 Pagesthoughts, feelings and experiences. All Quiet on the Western Front written by Erich Maria Remarque, which takes World War I as background, is the great war novel which talks about the German soldiers extreme physical and mental stress during the war, and the hopeless of these soldiers about the â€Å"future† – the time the war would have ended. All Quiet on the Western Front is narrated by Paul Bà ¤umer, a twenty-years-old German soldier who fights in the French front in World War I. Paul and his classmatesRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front By Erich Maria Remarque1292 Words   |  6 PagesGermany flourished on the nationalism in the early 1900’s of its people. Ready to encounter an attack at any moment and any time. People forget the decision of war until they are in the flame of its fire. 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Nonetheless, war’s violence did notRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front By Erich Maria Remarque1482 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque is a tale about a group of young gentlemen in Germany who decide to join the army, and fight in World War I for their country. The boys become interested in fighting for their country after their schoolmaster informs them about the importance of this war. With much excitement, the young men have high expectations of what they want the war to be like. Throughout the course of the novel, the attitudes and opinions of the boys change asRead MoreAll Is Quiet On The Western Front By Erich Maria Remarque1051 Words   |  5 PagesNathan Brown Quarter 2 Book Report American History My second quarter book was called â€Å"All is Quiet on the Western Front† by Erich Maria Remarque. This book as about a man named, Paul Baumer who is fighting for Germany in World War 1. He and a bunch of his friends from high school join an army voluntarily. They heard their teacher (Kantorek) in class giving patriotic speeches. After joining the army, Paul and his friends soon come to a conclusion that joining the army was not what they thought itRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front By Erich Maria Remarque1222 Words   |  5 PagesSelf-Learning Lessons There is no doubt that when war occurs, every single human being is affected by it even if it is just a little. In the novel, â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† written by Erich Maria Remarque, a group of teenage men, who also appear to by classmates, are in the German army of World War I because they have chosen to leave their adolescence at home and school for grown up work at the army. Throughout this fictional novel, they face many challenges that result in them not seeing

Uncertainty As A Necessary Property Of The Universe

Uncertainty as a Necessary Property of the Universe There is a value in being uncertain about certainty; the value is seen in stress reduction, both in science/professional life as well as in day-to-day mundane life. The value also exists in the perpetuation or the drive for innovation. The common knee-jerk reaction to a presentation of uncertainty is to hold fear or contempt, but after some more careful consideration, uncertainty appears to be very important in nature. There are even ways to capitalize, or exploit, uncertainty for benefit. In science or professional life, embracing uncertainty allows for loosened restrictions on modeling (not to be confused with gross negligence; not referring to introduced uncertainties), higher level induction via empirically determined boundary conditions, and boons in funding for research. The mathematical model only needs to apply to a specific set of conditions. As a scientist, you need not focus on a general model that accounts for all variables. Stresses involved when pressed for resources are then reduced because the focus can be deliberately placed on only the variables you are exploring, or validity of the model needs to be only with a specific set of conditions. The final model can yield nonsense acceptably when used outside the intended conditions. Additionally, boundary conditions can be identified leading to general evolution of systems. Sometimes boundary conditions lead you to the relative stabilities of sets of solutionsShow MoreRelatedQuantum Mechanics and Islam Essa y1602 Words   |  7 Pages(McKee, M. 2006). This finding has led to the wide acceptance of duality behaviour of subatomic particles; both as wave and particle. The discovery of quantum mechanics marks the transition of classical physics to modern physics. The Uncertainty Principle The uncertainty principle which was formulated by Werner Heisenberg in 1926 is arguably the most popular quantum theory to date. In order to predict the future position and velocity of a particle, one has to be able to measure its present positionRead MoreThe Cosmological Argument For The Existence Of God1957 Words   |  8 PagesCause of the universe, whereas the second, the Thomist cosmological argument, purposes to establish a sustaining Ground of Being of the world. Finally, the Leibnizian cosmological argument contends for a Sufficient Reason why something exists rather than nothing. This examination will utilize the KCA (as popularized by William Lane Craig) which is a deductive syllogism, consisting of two premises and a conclusion. It states, 1. Everything that begins to exist has a cause. 2. The universe began to existRead MoreEssay on Pythagoras and His Contributions to Modern Mathematics1209 Words   |  5 Pagesicosahedron, dodecahedron) although he could only construct the first two, as well as teaching that the earth was a sphere and that the paths of the paths of the planets were circular, although he still believed the Earth to be at the center of the universe. Pythagoras is believed by some to have discovered irrational numbers as well, but this seems unlikely since it went against his belief that all things were numbers, for number to him meant the ratio of two whole numbers. Pythagoras was also knowRead MoreEssay on The Genius that Was Pythagoras1440 Words   |  6 Pagesicosa- hedron, dodecahedron) although he could only construct the rst two, as well as teaching that the earth was a sphere and that the paths of the paths of the planets were circular, although he still believed the Earth to be at the center of the universe. Pythagoras is believed by some to have discovered irrational numbers as well, but this seems unlikely since it went against his belief that all things were numbers, for number to him meant the ratio of two whole numbers. Pythagoras was also knowRead MorePhil 101. Lizhi Xing, Netid: Lxing3. The Falsehood Of Determinism.3570 Words   |  15 Pagesassumptions. Moreover, we should believe that there are goodness and evilness in the world which are not deterministic, and we do need to burden our moral responsibilities. Our physical universe and our mental world are neither deterministic because of two special existence, randomness among the entire universe and free will of human kinds. Like many terms, randomness and free will have various definitions. To resolve possible confusions about these two terms, we need to point out the specific meaningsRead MoreAge of Enlightenment and Course Materials Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesCandide worksheet Name: Huy Dang Khac The purpose of this assignment is to help you develop the critical thinking skills necessary to write a basic, college-level analytical essay. You may type directly into this file and then upload when finished. Remember that you need to connect what you read in the book to what you are learning from other course materials to complete you answers. Step I: Basic, factual analysis of a reading 1. List three examples of events/methods from Voltaire’sRead More Reconciling Religious and Scientific Perspectives of Creation7359 Words   |  30 Pagesphysicist turned theologian. 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Russell states this isn’t important because they are not useful to the â€Å"man of science†, and in no way assist him in explaining the phenomena. Russell mentions the fact that there is an objective andRead MoreNaturalism Versus Christianity3872 Words   |  16 PagesFor Naturalists, history represents a â€Å"linier stream of events linked by cause and effect but without an overarching purpose.† (Sire, 68) The beginning of â€Å"human family is found in nature;† and the beginning of nature is found in the â€Å"origin of the universe.† (Sire, 68) Humans were brought forth from lesser beings as a process called evolution. (Strobel, 27) History, either human or natural, moves in sequences of cause and effects. (Sire, 68) There is n o Supernatural being (God) that is active or evidentRead MoreEssay on Arguments Against Skepticism4197 Words   |  17 PagesHowever, after recording information about position, shape, height, etc., they disagree about how to interpret the empirical results. Then the realist says: ``this mountain, which the two of us have found, not only has the ascertained geographical properties, but is, in addition, also real Â… The idealist on the other hand says: ``on the contrary, the mountain itself is not real, only our Â… perceptions and conscious processes are real. After saying a bit more about the non-empirical nature of the

Medieval Europe And The Renaissance Essay - 3095 Words

1. Renaissance - The Renaissance was a time in which Medieval Europe transformed into more modern times. Renaissance means rebirth in French. Medieval Europe had been fragmented and feudal with an agricultural economy, and the church controlled its thought and culture. During the Renaissance, Europe grew national consciousness and political centralization. An urban economy based on organized commerce and capitalism and a secular view on life emerged. The Renaissance showed the birth of humanism, which revives the use of classical writings for learning. Materialism also emerged during this time, people started to focus more on themselves. And individualism and skepticism also came about. Banking was a great supporter of the Renaissance, Italian bankers were bankers of the pope and all trade was going through them. Cities rise in importance and farms get closed off and are owned privately which moves toward a market economy. The Renaissance was not an economic boom because the advancem ents were happening in different places, at different times and at different rates. Literature was very important during this time. Literature was starting to be written in the vernacular and the German printing press was developed. More and more people became patrons of the arts and art became more for the people than for religion. Science was slowly changing and being slightly more accepted even though it was still morally wrong to most to believe that earth was not at the center of the worldShow MoreRelatedThe Transition Of Medieval And Modern Times1235 Words   |  5 PagesThe transition of Medieval to Modern happened over a long period of time. The middle ages marked a dark time in Europe’s history, and the people were anxious to get out. The Renaissance began, and art emerged to create a brighter society. During the Reformation, the country shifted away from the Roman Catholic Church, and many Protestant religions emerged. The Scientific Revolution also marked a ch ange in medical to modern by creating new ways to look at the world and mathematics. The Age ofRead MoreSuppressed Darkness On The Medieval Mind Map1582 Words   |  7 PagesSuppressed Darkness on the Medieval Mind Map William Manchester’s A World Lit Only By Fire: The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance unveils an in- depth look at the Late Medieval Ages in Europe and touches upon the Renaissance. It is most well known as the time period that occurred after the fall of the Roman Empire- when the eastern world seemed to have plummeted into an age of regression and darkness. Manchester’s central proposition was â€Å"The power of the medieval mind had been irrevocably broken†Read MoreArt : Comparing Medieval Art to Renaissance Art1248 Words   |  5 Pagesxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx December 19, 2012 Comparing Medieval Art to Renaissance Art Medieval art period Medieval art covers a large scope of time. The period covered over 1000 years of art in Europe, Middle East and North Africa. The period was characterized by major art movements based on national art and regional art. There was also the aspect of revivals and artists crafts. Art historians have been successful in classifying medieval art into major periods and styles. This is oftenRead MoreThe Renaissance Essay758 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance Renaissance is the period of European history that saw a renewed interest in the arts. The Renaissance began in 14th-century Italy and spread to the rest of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. In this period, the fragmented feudal society of the Middle Ages, with its agricultural economy and church-dominated intellectual and cultural life, was transformed into a society increasingly dominated by central political institutions, with an urban, commercial economy and lay patronageRead MoreArt in the Middle Ages and The Renaissance and Its Effect in Society1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe Medieval period also referred to as the Middle Ages was the period of time between the demise of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance era; this was the period from the 5th century to the 17th century in Europe. During this time, society conformed to the feudal system which was based on the hierarchy approach which upper class had control over the lower class. Included in this class structure were kin gs, lords, neighboring kings, peasants and church leaders. In the Middle Ages, art evolvesRead MoreWhy Did The Renaissance Come From Northern Europe?1696 Words   |  7 PagesWhy did the Renaissance come later to northern Europe than to Italy and what were its distinctive characteristics? The Renaissance, a term coined by Giorgio Vasari in 1550 , is used to describe the period of cultural and intellectual change which started in Italy and then spread across the rest of Europe. This development in society led to Europe stepping out of the medieval era and becoming a powerhouse on a global scale. The Italian Renaissance is what the majority of people think ofRead MoreBirth of Sain John the Baptist Painting1044 Words   |  4 Pagesthe common myths on understanding the difference in middle age and Renaissance period is that Christian elements disappeared in people’s life and that the community totally flipped from ‘religious’ to ‘secular’ society. However, with the change in the society through the extensive amount of trades and cultural contact with the vanished civilization of classical era, people of Renaissance realized how to be ‘human’. Previously, medieval people only express themselves through God and churc h because ofRead MoreA World Lit Only By Fire Essay827 Words   |  4 Pagesoffended. This author attempted to write this book to defend an unpopular view among historians that the medieval world was backward in the terms of culture, religion, and technology. This world was destroyed by the blossoming of confidence in reason and the progress of art, literacy, astronomy, geography, and theology. In the first chapter the book is speaking about Manchester’s conception of the medieval mindset. The author of this book quickly and polemically describes the period from 400 A.D. to 1400Read MoreThe Renaissance : A Rebirth Of The Ideas Of Ancient Greece923 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance was a rebirth of the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome that began in the City States of Italy during the 14th century. The cultural resurgence began a new style of living in Europe after the horrors of the black death, and is seen as the beginning of the culture of the modern world. As Wassace K. Ferguson put in his book The Renaissance, the Italian artists grew tired of the darkness of Medieval Times and began to turn to the brighter times found in the classical ages (Doc 7). TheRead MoreThe Transition Of Medieval Western Civilization970 Words   |  4 Pagestransition from medieval western civilization to the Modern Age placed Western Europe in a position of global, political, and technological dominance and most importantly gave rise to the core of western thought: humanism and individ ualism. This hallmark thought however, would be nonexistent without the arts. The arts and artists of the Renaissance period and the Enlightenment reflect the prevailing values of not only Western Europe but in fact the Western world as a whole. Prior to the Renaissance, Europe

Kants Humanity Formula Essay Example For Students

Kants Humanity Formula Essay Kant: The Humanity Formula Few formulas in philosophy have been so widely accepted and variously interpreted as Kants injunction to treat humanity as an end in itself(Hill, 38). Immanuel Kants views, as elucidated in his book, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, are based on the belief that people count by prohibiting actions which exploit other individuals in order for self-prosperity or altruistic ends. Ethics then, are confirmed by the dignity and worth of the rational agency of each person. Since human beings are the only rational beings capable of decision making and reasonable judgement, humanity must be valued. Kant proposes a test that ensures that humanity is treated with respect, and not used merely as an instrument. To understand how he defines this test, we must first take a look at the foundation of his main principle, the Categorical Imperative. Kants way of determining morality of actions is quite different from other philosophers, and many find it extremely hard to grasp or implausible. The central concept of his basic test for morality found in his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals is the categorical imperative. The representation of an objective principle, insofar as it is necessitating for a will, is called a command (of reason), and the formula of the command is called an imperative(Kant, 24). In other words, an imperative is something that a will ought or shall do because the will is obligated to act in a way in which conforms to moral law. Imperatives can also be referred to as the supreme principle of morality. According to Kant, there are two types of imperatives: hypothetical and categorical. Hypothetical imperatives are actions that look for the best means to a goal, however, the goal might not necessarily be an end in itself. On the other hand, the categorical imperative is an objectively necessary means to an end in itself, and the action to obtain the end, must have moral worth. If we as rational agents, have any morality at all Kant says, it takes the form of rational, categorical imperatives (commands of reason) and is found a priori excluding all interests and desires. These commands of reason are proven by the Universal Law Formula, which when applied, is a method for determining the morality of actions. How is this formula applied though? Kantian philosophy is derived from the belief that actions should be universalizable, and this formula, which is a two-part test, ensures that actions of rational agents can be universally accepted. First, one creates a maxim and considers whether the maxim could possibly be a universal law for all rational beings. Second, one determines whether rational beings would will it to be a universal law. Once the maxim passes both tests, there are no exceptions to it. Kant truly believed in the value of humanity, and felt that everyone should be subjected to the same moral standards. The Universal Law Formula was his method of ensuring this, requiring maxims to be universally acceptable to all rational beings. In the latter half of Section II, he imposes even further stringent requirements for treating humanity in universally acceptable means by proposing his Humanity Formula. Human beings have the special capacity to exercise rational judgement, foresee future consequences, adopt long-range goals, and resist immediate temptation, so we must therefore value rational agents as an end (Hill, 40-41). This yields one of three formulations of the categorical imperative, and the one that is most worth discussing, the humanity formula: So act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means (Kant, 38). Kant probably intended persons are ends and humanity in persons is an end and therefore humans should be treated in a humane way. In other words, we must always treat people with respect to the virtue of their rational capacity and as though their existence alone is valuable. According to Kant, treating people as rational agents and means to ends, also demands (if the agent is fully rational) consent. Treating people only in ways to which they could consent, in so far as they are rational, not merely as means .

Change in Management, Outsourcing, Competitive Advantage

Introduction It is true that Virgin Train Company has a good reputation for providing apart from quality services, it also produces modernized practices. However, the company has been seeking ways of developing competitive advantage over its competitors. As a result, they have been involving employees in decision-making process to secure this successful change.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Change in Management, Outsourcing, Competitive Advantage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The management chose this option because, employees work with customers directly, hence are in a better position of coming up with customer-based solutions. This is in line with company’s vision which provides employees with a very clear direction. In the process of strengthening this strategy, the company has been planning to change their structure of management to ensure comprehensive service delivery to their clients as well as employees. As a result, this paper outlines two issues, namely: potential problems they may face in making the changes proposed. Secondly, the paper outlines a strategy for outsourcing relevant parts of the IT operations in order to ensure that the core IT provision can be maintained. Change in management, competitor advantage Structure for Organisational Change Planning-organizing-leading-controlling (P-O-L-C) framework for change can work better for Virgin Train Company. This is because, four principles of creative problem solving, which most managers view as being the key challenge in organizational management are summarized in the framework. Though the framework is good, there have been writers, who claimed that, it does not take into consideration day-to-day practices of any manager accurately. This is because, managers under hectic fragmented times, continuous threats of prioritizing actions and activities as a result of trivial many and important few. It has been concluded that planning, organizing, leading and controlling help management to have in place strategies to follow in the desire to meet goals and objectives of the organization. Planning Those in the management position are to bring to light the goals and objectives of the organization. Additionally managers decide on the best steps to be followed so that the desired goals and objectives are realized. For them to plan well, they will have to understand environmental factors affecting Virgin Trains Company, apart from focusing future factors. This will also need Virgin Trains’ managers to be good-decision makers. Planning will involve several steps starting with environmental scanning. This step needs managers to identify critical contingencies facing Virgin Trains in terms of competitors, economic, clients/customers. With the help of this information, managers will be in a position of forecasting the company’s future.Advertising Looking for research paper on busi ness economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Virgin Trains’ managers will also be called upon to set organization goal, which will outline what to be attained, and at what time. As a result, they will have to give directions along with alternative actions that will be followed or used to attain the set objectives. After evaluation of all available alternatives, managers will be charged with the responsibility of choosing the best direction. After choosing the best alternative, managers will be called upon to come up with necessary procedure which will ensure effective implementations of involved steps. Last but not least, managers will be required to make evaluation of their plans constantly, and where necessary make some corrections. There are several planning and plan types that Virgin Trains company can choose from. Some of them are strategic planning, tactical planning, and operational planning among others. Organizi ng The major steps here is to develop organizational structure, allocate human resources to various tasks, duties and responsibilities with the aim of ensuring that the predetermined goals and objectives are successfully met. Organization structure describes the frame work under which effort coordination takes place. Organization will also involve individual job designs.. Organization will also call for ways of departmentalizing the company for effective effort coordination. Some of the ways that can be used to departmentalize the company include following functions, services, customer and geography. Virgin Trains being a larger company, it has the opportunity of using multiple methods to departmentalize. Virgin Trains need to carefully balance on the needs of its workforce in terms of specialization as well as duties and responsibilities that have variety as well as autonomy. Managers should ensure that they have designed jobs based on principles like empowerment, teamwork and job entrenchment. In doing this, the company will do away with its traditional departments to those that concentrates mainly on listening and responding to employees’ and customers’ needs. Leading This section calls for strategies that managers use to inspire their subordinates. This will call for effective leadership in the company. This will ensure that employees are enthusiastic about putting more efforts to attain the organization’s goals. Effective leadership qualities such as being assertive, having exelent communication skills, being an active listener to mention but a few will go extra mile in contributing to motivated and inspired workforce. For instance, managers should understand subordinates’ values, personalities, emotions as well as attitudes.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Change in Management, Outsourcing, Competitive Advantage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Co ntrolling Issues addressed at this stage includes performance standard establishment, comparison of actual performance against established standards, and taking corrective measures when needed[1]. Performance measurement in Virgin Trains should be based on customer satisfaction and financial statements. The company can also use performance appraisals measurement method. However, managers should not take advantage of controlling as a function to confuse it with employee manipulation. As a result, the management should not interfere with employees’ personalities, values attitudes or even emotions. In place, the management should just ensure that work-related activities of employees are consistent and contributes towards attaining the company’s objectives. To control effectively, the management should have a plan which will outline the necessary performance standards along with objectives to be accomplished. There is need for management to establish cases of deviation fro m the normal or set standards of the organization. On the other hand, budget auditing provides managers with information concerning the company’s position as compared to what was budgeted for. Performance audit also provides the report concerning the accuracy of figures provided in terms of actual performance of the company. It is worth noting that it will be wrong for the organization to put control on issues relating to finances only. Other areas that need to be controlled include section relating to compliance to policies and regulations and service delivery steps. Potential Pitfalls in Relation To Staff Adjusting In minimizing the effects on of any form of change on employees and customers, it is good for the company to put into consideration the impacts of change in the company’s staff. As a result, this section outlines potential pitfalls in relation to staff adjusting to the -organizing-leading-controlling (P-O-L-C) framework for change. Failure Fear: There will be many staff members who will end up becoming fear because of change. As a result, during change periods, there will be some staff members who will feel the importance of clinging to the past experience as they feel it as being more secure as compared to the new one. In case what they used to do was well for them, and were meeting the targets, then be sure that due to the fact that this change strategy comes with new requirements along with different ways of achieving them, then staff members will be fearful as they might think that in future, they might not achieve more. Other forms of fear that might be experienced in the company might include fear of unknown as a result of new structure; fear that the new ways might not be better as compared against the previous.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Habit Creatures: when things are done in the same manner continuously, people ends up being comfortable with such things. Now, coming to realize that, implementation of this strategy will call for new ways of doing things, staff members might think that such operations will be out of their comfort zone. Absence of oblivious needs: some staff members might perceive this organizational structure change only in the impact perspective, particularly on their jobs. It is not easy for employees to see any change in a big picture. This at the end will make them not to realize the positive effects of this change structure on the entire organization as a result; they will find this change as being very disruptive and unnecessary in general. Control Loss: looking at it much deeper, the proposed strategy is a top-down kind of management approach. Now, coming to compare it with bottom-up system that the company is exercising now, most employees will feel they are not of any value to the company. This is because; they will feel as if they have no control over the company. In addition, since the structure comes with new ways of doing things, then it is much open that new operation systems will make employees to feel confused and powerless. Support Systems: when staff members get used to a certain routine, they usually become sure that during challenging times, their system will back them up. So changing the organization structure as proposed makes them much less confidence in the available support systems. As a result, there are those who will get worried because they are working under new supervisors or managers. Apart from that, there will be those who will get worried when told to work on a new project. This is because, most of them feel that, in case they fail, there will be no one or system to assist or support them. Training: Some of the requirements in this structure need further training and education. As a result, staff members might be called upon to undergo extens ive training to cope up with the new structure. However, there are those employees who might be unwilling to learn. So this might make them much uncomfortable. Outsourcing, Information Systems Outsourced IT operations There are some IT operations which the company can realistically outsource without experiencing any problem. Some of these operations may include automatic train software design and maintenance, office data management systems, payroll processing, signalling and passenger operations like ticket buying ticket validation. Though automatic driving operations can be outsourced, in most cases it can lead to some problems like dictating the type of trains to be bought, as outsourced companies might lack some software used in the operation. So, it is good, if the company can provide such services by itself. In addition, driving operations are among the core operations of the company, so, outsourcing it might to lead to some problems. However, the other operations can realisti cally be outsourced as they are not the major operations of Virgin Trains, operations. Moreover, if such operations can be outsourced, there are higher chances of bringing in operational expertise, which will enable the company to access intellectual property as well as wider experience and knowledge. Impact of Outsourcing on the Remaining IT Provision It has been found that, the remaining operations will experience quality improvement. This is based on the fact that, since their subordinate operations are resulting to quality services, then such quality will be reflected on the main operations of the company. This quality improvement will be as a result of securing quality resources that the company might be lacking. The company will outsource because it has no access to quality resources needed in achieving some of its core operations. For instance, if Virgin Trains is expanding its operations to new geographical regions, outsourcing will provide the viable and needed abilities st arting from the ground. Since outsourcing reduces operating costs as outsiders provide lower costs structures, then the remaining operations can receive more investments. This is because, outsourcing has reduced investments on non-core company operations, hence; more capital will be available to be invested in the remaining IT operations which forms the major company operations. Impact on the Technical Capability Studies have found that, the IT outsourcing degree is positively correlated to it cost structure as well as business operations. However, it is negatively correlated to the existing IT infrastructure performance. Moreover, â€Å"level of business value created by IT outsourcing is contingent on firms’ core IT capability. That is, firms with superior core IT capability have an advantage in leveraging their outsourcing initiatives to enhance firm value.†[2] However, there might be no effects on productivity along with profitability. By comparing the outsourcing strategy and against in-sourcing, it is evident that, there are chances that cost reduction can be attained just like in outsourcing, if in-house IT functions is given maximum freedom to reorganize itself. Staff capability will also be affected as a result of employee relation in the company as the company will be depending more on the third party. This is because; their influence will be reduced, as they will be sharing responsibilities with third Parties. Buying In To an Irreversible Situation In outsourcing, there are chances that the company might be buying in to an irreversible situation. This is because; the company might loss its managerial control. Regardless of whether the outsourced company will be contracted to perform a single task or entire departmental functions, the management and control of that function is turned over to another company. Though the contract will be in place, but the reality is managerial control will be pegged on another company. This is because, th e outsourced company will never be driven by the mission and vision of Virgin Trains mission and vision, they have their own. As a result, the Virgin Trains will start depending more on that company, hence will not train its own workers, or even buy its own facilities. At the end, this will lead to an irreversible situation. Security threats and confidentiality are another factor that might lead to an irreversible situation. Information kept by any company, forms the blood-life of its existence. In case payroll, business strategies and other competitive advantage strategies of any company are shared with the outsourced company, there are chances that confidentiality will be compromised. As a result, the company will be forced to remain in contract with the outsourced company with which it has disclosed its confidential information to. In case the relation breaks up, there are chances that the company’s information will be at risk of being shared with other companies. In case another company is outsourced again, then confidentiality and privacy will be losing meaning in the company. In dealing with such scenarios, the company should measure significant measurable effects on the company’s performance. In addition, the company has to evaluate its outsourcing company to ensure that its information is well protected. It should also ensure that, the outsourcing contract has a penalty clause which will prohibit occurrence of some incidences. Conclusion In conclusion, this research has proposed planning-organizing-leading-controlling (P-O-L-C) framework as being a structure for change that has least impact on employees and customers. It has also dealt with different potential pitfalls in relation to staff adjusting to the proposed new structure. In the second section, the report has outlined the effects of outsourcing information systems. Bibliography Koontz, Harold, and Cyril ‘Donnell. Principles of Management: An Analysis of Managerial Functions. (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1955). Ward, John. and Peppard, Joe. Strategic Planning for Information Systems, (3rd Ed). (New York: Wiley Publishers. 2002). Footnotes Ward, John. and Peppard, Joe. Strategic Planning for Information Systems, (3rd Ed). (New York: Wiley Publishers. 2002). Ward, John. Peppard, Joe. Strategic Planning for Information Systems, (3rd Ed). (New York: Wiley Publishers. Pp. 64-111, 2002). This research paper on Change in Management, Outsourcing, Competitive Advantage was written and submitted by user Elaine V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

University at Buffalo SUNY UB Admissions Facts

University at Buffalo SUNY UB Admissions Facts The University at Buffalo, part of the State University of New York system, is a comprehensive public research university located in Western New York. The University at Buffalo is the largest of the SUNY schools with ambitious plans for future growth. The school has three campuses totaling over 1,300 acres. Shuttles run frequently between and across campuses. Because of UBs many excellent research centers, it was granted membership in the Association of American Universities. In athletics, the Buffalo Bulls compete in the NCAA Division I Mid-American Conference. Will You Get In? Calculate your chances of getting in  with Cappexs this free tool. Admissions Data (2016) SUNY University at Buffalo Acceptance Rate: 59%GPA, SAT and ACT graph for UB Test Scores: 25th / 75th Percentile SAT Critical Reading: 520  / 610SAT Math: 550  /  660ACT Composite: 24  / 29 Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 30,184  (20,412 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 57% Male / 43% Female92% Full-time Costs (2016  - 17) Tuition and Fees: $9,574 (in-state); $26,814 (out-of-state)Books: $1,196  (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,292Other Expenses: $2,481Total Cost: $25,489  (in-state); $42,729 (out-of-state) University at Buffalo Financial Aid (2015  - 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 77%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 63%Loans: 52%Average Amount of AidGrants: $8,577Loans: $9,259 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Biomedical Sciences, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Electrical Engineering, English, History, Humanities, Mechanical Engineering, Nursing, Political Science, Psychology, Social Sciences What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 86%Transfer-out Rate: 14%4-Year Graduation Rate: 58%6-Year Graduation Rate: 74% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Basketball, Baseball, Soccer, Swimming, Tennis, Track and Field, Cross Country, WrestlingWomens Sports:  Track and Field, Rowing, Softball, Soccer, Cross Country, Swimming, Volleyball, Tennis Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics UB and the Common Application The University at Buffalo uses the Common Application. University of Buffalo Mission Statement: The University at Buffalo is a diverse, inclusive scholarly community dedicated to bringing the benefits of its research, scholarship and creative activity, and educational excellence to global and local communities in ways that impact and positively change the world.   We view the three traditional pillars of the public higher education mission- research, education, and service- as interdependent endeavors that continually enrich and inform each other. Groundbreaking research, transformative educational experiences, and deeply engaged service to its communities define the University at Buffalo’s mission as a premier, research-intensive public university.

Business Behavior in a Changing World II Coursework

Business Behavior in a Changing World II - Coursework Example Creativity is considered central to innovation, seen as a complex process. Issues surrounding knowledge diffusion and intellectual property rights discussed. Policy should align research (academia) and funds (industry) within a broad innovation policy. Organisational use of technology seen as means of improving social and economic conditions within the country. Costing of R&D is discussed, highlighting problems for organisational accounting, including long term focus and lack of outcome predictability. Annotation Several of Metcalf’s definitive assumptions need questioning. All developments are apparently driven and/or funded by industry, which does not allow for academic knowledge providing new insights from which innovation can stem. New technology is considered the basis of innovation, when existing technology can be used in different, innovative ways. Technology is assessed according to its economic value, ignoring the need for knowledge generation to enable technology cre ation. The distinction between science as academic and technology as practical is arbitrary and questionable. Innovation is seen as linear and cumulative, ignoring leaps in ideas and creativity generating new technologies. (196 words) Policy Reader Chapter 8: National Systems of Innovation Freeman, C. ... 1 pp.5-24 Overview Freeman provides historical context for the importance of local/national innovation systems, beginning with List’s interdependencies of resources and industry, science and education. List advocated state involvement for long-term policies relating to industry and the economy as national innovation systems. In-house R&D functions produced growth in research but highlighted the need for rapid knowledge diffusion for progress and the importance of qualitative and quantitative factors. Globalisation introduced nation variations leading to diverse outcomes and a global position built on local success. National innovation systems should involve policies for local innovation and diffusion and includes organisation and management changes. Annotation Freeman’s views, including the different histories, ignore the political effect on economics, giving different meaning to long-term. Long-term is relative and context-specific, not a national or global standard. T he process of innovation development is portrayed as logical and linear, which is unlikely. Using the past is no guide to a future which is already substantially different to 1995. Mention of economic geography links to Krugman’s ideas of free trade and developed and developing nations. No consideration is given to the social impacts of the dichotomy, nor the issue of potential exploitation of the developing by the developed. (194 words) Policy Reader Chapter 9: The Competitive Advantage of Nations Porter, M. E. (1990) ‘Chapter Nine – The Competitive Advantage of Nations’ in Suneja, V. (ed.) Policy Issues for Business: a Reader Sage/The Open University, London Porter, M. E. (1990) ‘The Competitive Advantage of Nations’ Harvard Business Review March/April pp.73-93 Overview Porter

Social Networking and Information Systems Research Paper

Social Networking and Information Systems - Research Paper Example As the research declares the use of social networking sites have increased substantially for the last decades; thus, it serves a number of purposes, but the three main roles stand out as common across all sites. One of the functions or purposes of social networking is to maintain and strengthen existing social ties or creating new social connections. The major purpose of using social networking sites is to communicate and strengthen relationships with friends, families or relatives across the globe. Johnson argues that social networking sites have morphed into mainstream techniques for teens, adults and companies to exchange information about themselves through sharing pictures, videos, sharing interests and private messages. As the essay stresses social networking sites have not only enabled friends, families and relatives to connect in time and space but also enabled business entities to communicate easily about their products and services they offer to customers in the market. Companies post their products on social networking sites and others have their profiles, thus they upload their content, which are in turn shared across the social network connections. This is vital because it has boosted the business growth of many companies because they are able to advertise their products and services effectively; thereby, reaching many customers across the globe efficiently. Many social network sites permit users to mark content as public or confidential, while others permit them to tag content. Others social tools such as YouTube allow users to upload unlimited amount of content and users are always allowed to upload interesting contents, which are generally publicly accessible from the profile page of the u sers. Social sites such as LinkedIn are among of the significant sites for recommending and organizing the content uploaded by users. This site has become commonly used for job seekers and

Principle Of Wearing Gloves Nursing Essay

Principle Of Wearing Gloves Nursing Essay Gloves are mainly used for protection of hand from the contamination with organic matter and microorganisms and also wear to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms to both patients and staff. However, a decision to wear gloves including its types should be based on an assessment of the risk associated with the care activity, specific nature of the task to be undertaken and the potential for contamination with microorganisms and hazardous chemicals. Perhaps, sterile gloves are used especially for the following practices . The rationale for wearing gloves will indicate the choice of glove required. . Major indication of wearing gloves are: The choice between sterile and non-sterile gloves is based on contact with susceptible sites or clinical devices. Sterile gloves have been recommended to be worn in the following circumstances some of the reason behind wearing gloves includes: During the procedure of Surgery. Surgical wound dressings Invasive procedures, for example lumbar puncture, for immune compromised patients. Procedures requiring an aseptic technique. Insertion of invasive devices, for example urinary catheters. Sterile pharmaceutical preparations. Warm saline or water Removing dressing and cleaning wound is the most painful wound care interventions. The application of cold cleaning solutions to wounds can be unpleasant and harmful to wound healing. Different techniques and solution are being used for dressing and irrigation in practice. The use of saline or water as cleansing solutions or leaving out the cleansing step resulted in similar infection and healing rates. However, the decision to use tap water to cleanse wounds should take into account the quality of water, nature of wounds and the patients general condition. Steps of wound Assessment Assessing wound via palpation mainly for Swelling Separation of edges Lightly palpate for localized area of tenderness or drainange May need to culture drainange if present Assess for pain. The initial wound assessment takes in the big picture location, shape, and size. Location Location of the wound can give clues to the cause. For example, a sacral wound may be the result of sitting long time in the same position specially the elderly patient or patients has a weakness musculoskeletal system applying pressure on sacrum. Used anatomic land marks and language while documenting location of wound. For example, right medial malleolus is preferred to right inner ankle. Trochanter is preferred to left hip. Body diagram is useful to document wound location Shape Shape of wound also can shed light on the cause of the wound. For example, a linear wound on the posterior mid thigh of patients who uses a wheel chair could be caused by pressure from the edge of the seat. A triangular sacral or coccygeal wound could be due to shearing and pressure forces caused by movement in bed. Tracing is useful to document size for irregular shape. Follow the facility policies and procedure for tracing. Always be sure to written consent and adhere to facilitys policies and procedures if wound is photographed. Use wound film with size markings included or place a ruler in the photograph for perspective. Size Measure the wound in 3 dimension length, width and depth. Measurement should be always in centimeters. To measure length place the measuring guide at greatest length (head to toe) likely to measure the width place measuring guide at greatest width (side to side) never the less to measure depth gently insert a cotton-tipped applicator into the deepest part of the wound. Place a mark on the applicator at the level of the skin (may be the clinicians thumb and index finger or an actual ink mark on the applicator) then hold the applicator against a centimeter measuring device to determine the depth of the wound. if possible measuring the wound by the same nurse for each subsequent assessment. While measuring the wound depth, moisten sterile, cotton tipped applicator with sodium chloride solution. (Dont use a dry one, which could injure newly formed granulation tissue.) Place the applicator tip in the deepest aspect of the  wound  and measure the distance to the skin level. If the depth is uneven, measure several areas; document the range and which part of the  wound  is the deepest. Types of tissue   identify the types of tissue for example viable tissue i.e. granulation, clean non-granulating, epithelial non viable (necrotic) may also visualize muscle tendon subcutaneous in the  wound  bed, estimate how much of each is present, such as 60% granulation, 20% slough, and 20% Escher. Document the percentages on a flow sheet to allow for assessment  of  wound  healing or deterioration. Wound integrity    If  your  patient has a full thickness  wound, assess for undermining, a hollow between the skin surface and the  wound  bed that occurs when necrosis destroys the underlying tissue. On the other hand, it is a passageway within and beyond the  wound  walls or base.   Examine the  wound  for the presence of supporting structures, such as tendons or bones. Note any orthopaedic hardware and be alert for foreign bodies, such as sutures and staples, all of which increase infection risk.  Wounds  with tunnelling or undermining are especially vulnerable for retained dressings. Lastly, assess for foreign bodies, such as a forgotten suture or lint. Exudate Follow  your  facilitys guidelines for defining None, light, moderate and high amounts. Describe the exudates types as serous, serosanguineous, sanguinous or purulent. Infection can affect the color, consistency, and amount of exudate as well as cause an odour. Examine wound edges Check for the characteristics like attached, unattached, fibrotic or scarred (closed) and rolled edges (epibole). In full-thickness  wounds, particularly when undermining (tissue destruction that occurs underneath intact skin around the perimeter of the wound) is present, the edges may curl under and delay healing. A white, shiny appearance at the  wound  edges may be the result of epidermal cells migrating across the  wound  to resurface it, which signals healing. Peri wound skin Assess the skin around the  wound  for color, moisture, intactness, in duration, edema, pain, and presence of a rash, tropic skin changes, and infection. For example, the color can be pink, red, blue, pale white, or gray; in darker skin, you may note deeper skin tones. Pink usually indicates healthy skin; red may indicate friction, pressure, or beginning infection; blue or pale white is often a sign of compromised circulation. The skin surrounding a  wound  may have too much moisture (maceration), which could increase the patients risk of fungal or yeast infection. Assess the peri wound skin for primary skin lesions. Documentation Documentation is a very crucial tool for nurses to evaluate provide proper nursing care plan, support mutual relation between the health professionals or colleague, it facilitate to meet and maintain professional and legal standards. Documentation of complete wound assessment includes pertinent history related to the wound. Depending on nature of wound assessments flow sheet can be used as alternative to reduce the documentation time . A wound assessment will be performed and result in documented evidence of a type of wound and a etiology of wounding Location of wound Dimensions of wound Clinical appearance of the wound Amount and type of exudate Presence of infection, pain, odor or foreign bodies State of surrounding skin and alterations in sensation Physiological implications of wounding to the individual Psychosocial implications of wounding to the individual and significant other.. Some of the examples of documentation are like Patients care plan Observation chart Wound assessment chart FBC and Daily drain chart GCS Chart Progress notes, etc. Risk and Complications Sometimes, a large amount of fluid may leak from around the drain site, making the gauze dressing completely wet. If this happens, use soap and water to clean the area. Pain may accompany drain removal and persist after removal. Impaired wound healing may be a complication if fluid accumulates beneath the skin. Infection and injury to adjacent tissues may also occur. Occlusion of the tubing by fibrin, clots, or other particles can reduce or obstruct drainage. Infection may develop at the tubing exit site. Other complications may include breakage of the drain, difficulty in removal, inadvertent removal, pain, puckering scar, and visceral perforation. The patient may develop allergic reaction. .

The Roles of Individuals in their Communities in Ancient Greece Essay

The Ancient Greeks had many values that made their civilization successful, but one of the most important was their sense of community. The Greeks, especially in Classical Athens, considered their community in the decisions they made, and they were interested in the affairs of the state. It was important to them that their society was functional and productive, and their personal needs often came second to those of the state. Community was a central value in Greek culture, and the individual’s contribution to the community strengthened the state and benefitted each person. Some philosophers disagreed, with this, however, and valued independent thinking over obedience and loyalty to the state. The government structure reflected the Athenians’ belief that individual contribution is crucial for sustaining a productive society. In the Classical Era, which was from 490-323 BCE, democracy was implemented and resulted in the power over the state lying in each citizen’s hands. Every vote affected the decisions that were made for the community, and every person had a say. The democratic system increased the individual’s involvement and interest in state affairs, therefore making each citizen more aware of what was happening in his community. As Thucydides said in Pericles’ eulogy, â€Å"Here each individual is interested not only in his own affairs but in the affairs of the state as well: even those who are mostly occupied with their own business are extremely well-informed on general politics.† By being well informed, the Athenians made better choices for their polis and cared more about what was going on in their city. The specialization of labor also reflected the Athenian belief that each individual contribution is essential for ... ...i. How Electricity is Created. 28 April 2010. . Grant, Simon. Information and Technology Serving Human Development. 28 April 2010. . The Greenhouse Effect. 22 March 2010 . . Sharkey, Joe. Sometimes, You Just Have to Be There. Proquest. 22 Mar. 2010 http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=1947821801&SrchMode=2&sid=2&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1264612585&clientId=9168&cfc=1 Technology Timeline. 22 March 2010. . Torr, James D. The Information Age. Farmington Hills: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Washington State University. The Industrial Revolution. 22 March 2010 .

Macroeconomics and Managerial Decision Making Essay

A recession is defined as a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters (Farnham, 2014). The United States began to experience this crisis in 2007 and continued to feel its effects in early 2012 (Farnham, 2014). â€Å"Employment growth during the current recovery has been weak compared with past recoveries. It has taken nearly five years since the beginning of the economic expansion for nonfarm employment to return to its pre-recession peak† (Laderman & Leduc, 2014, para 2). New businesses or â€Å"start-ups† grew very slowly during the recovery phase. â€Å"Because start-ups generate jobs at a much faster pace than older businesses during recoveries, the account for a significant portion of job growth in the economy, even though their share of overall employment is quite small† (Laderman & Leduc, 2014, para 2). â€Å"Employment at start-ups was particularly hard-hit during the Great Recession, suffering a much steeper decline in growth compared with more mature businesses compared with start-ups in previous recessions† (Laderman & Leduc, 2014, para. 3). Healthcare is also affected by economic changes. The results are usually seen later than some other areas as during periods of layoff employees are generally afforded a severance package that covers their insurance for a period of time (Bassett, 2008). â€Å"Surgeries are one part of the health care industry that is affected by the economy. From out-of-pocket procedures like Lasik to surgeries covered by insurance, many patients are more reluctant to undergo procedures that are more expensive than a regular doctor’s visit† (Bassett, 2008, p. 19). The life insurance industry also felt a change in their capital levels in 2008 (Cooper & Frank, 2011). â€Å"Best summarized 2008 as â€Å"among the worst in memory for life/annuity operating performance†Ã‚  (Cooper & Frank, 2011, p. 78). Puerto Rico has been in a multiyear recession beginning in 2006 and it anticipates it will continue through 2015 with a possible end in sight beginning in 2016 (Ruiz, 2015). â€Å"Puerto Rico’s manufacturing sector has seen a sharp decline in investment since the expiration of tax-free credits in 2006, given by the US to corporations in the Commonwealth, which has been the main driver of the recession† (Ruiz, 2015, p. 1). Although the real estate market in Puerto Rico now appears to be becoming more attractive. â€Å"Puerto Rican real estate is becoming increasingly attractive, as the multiyear recession depressed price growth† (Ruiz, 2015, p. 2). A period of slow economic growth is not a good time to invest, expand, or start-up your business. Personal assets are an important part of the funding process for new businesses and the downturn of the housing market weakened the ability for many to invest, expand, or begin a young company (Laderman & Leduc, 2014). References Bassett, E. (2008). Health care sacrificed during economic slowdown. Fort Wayne Business Press, 19-19. Farnham, P.G. (2014). Economics for Managers 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Laderman, L., & Leduc, S. (2014). Slow business start-ups and the job recovery. FRBSF Economic Letter, 20. Ruiz, G. (2015). Consumption weak despite a recovery in investment. Latin American Monitor, 1-2.

Behavioral Language Assessment Part 2 (VB-MAPP) - 700 Words

Summary The topic for today’s reading was, Behavioral Language Assessment: Part 2 (VB-MAPP). In one of the assigned readings, Assessing Your Child, we read how most speech pathologists look at language as either expressive or receptive, and that talking is a learned behavior controlled by environmental variables such as motivation, reinforcement, and antecedent stimuli. As we talk, we receive some sort of acknowledgement for our speech and this is how language begins to take shape in typically developing babies. Speech pathologist call expressive language to what is known as the four primary verbal operant (the mand, tact, echoic, and interverbal), and receptive language to the nonverbal operant (imitation, and visual performance).†¦show more content†¦Their purpose is to determine what aspects of a childs verbal repertoire are weak and where to begin a language intervention program, which is done by testing the childs language skills (the mand, tact, echoic, interverbal, imitation, and visual performance) and presenting them with an increasingly complex set of receptive and expressive tasks. The primary goal of these language assessments is to identify a childs age-equivalent linguistic level, which are obtained by a comparison of the childs score on the test to the average language abilities of a large group of typically developing children. Language assessments that focus on age-equivalent scores, and the traditional receptive and expressive distinction, are less useful to parent and teachers who simply need direction for working with a particular child. Finally, we should never forget the role that an early intervention plays in the child’s language development. Barbera Introduction, presented how an early intervention is critical for working with children who have some severe difficulties with language, socializing or communicating. Because treatment programs are more effective when started at early age including disorders as mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorders like autism, which are considered the most difficult to treat by the American Psychiatrist Association’sShow MoreRelatedThe Mapp, Curriculum Based Measurement, And The Social Skills Improvement System1996 Words   |  8 PagesThe three assessments that I will be comparing and contrasting are the VB-MAPP, Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM), and the Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS). These assessments have a few things in common. First, they all measure student growth and progress in a clear, visual manner. For example, both parts of the SSIS address difficulties related to problem behavior. The targeted assessments (the Social Skills Improvement System) rating scale clearly demonstrates areas of difficulty in social