Principle Of Wearing Gloves Nursing Essay

Principle Of Wearing Gloves Nursing Essay Gloves are mainly used for protection of hand from the contamination with organic matter and microorganisms and also wear to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms to both patients and staff. However, a decision to wear gloves including its types should be based on an assessment of the risk associated with the care activity, specific nature of the task to be undertaken and the potential for contamination with microorganisms and hazardous chemicals. Perhaps, sterile gloves are used especially for the following practices . The rationale for wearing gloves will indicate the choice of glove required. . Major indication of wearing gloves are: The choice between sterile and non-sterile gloves is based on contact with susceptible sites or clinical devices. Sterile gloves have been recommended to be worn in the following circumstances some of the reason behind wearing gloves includes: During the procedure of Surgery. Surgical wound dressings Invasive procedures, for example lumbar puncture, for immune compromised patients. Procedures requiring an aseptic technique. Insertion of invasive devices, for example urinary catheters. Sterile pharmaceutical preparations. Warm saline or water Removing dressing and cleaning wound is the most painful wound care interventions. The application of cold cleaning solutions to wounds can be unpleasant and harmful to wound healing. Different techniques and solution are being used for dressing and irrigation in practice. The use of saline or water as cleansing solutions or leaving out the cleansing step resulted in similar infection and healing rates. However, the decision to use tap water to cleanse wounds should take into account the quality of water, nature of wounds and the patients general condition. Steps of wound Assessment Assessing wound via palpation mainly for Swelling Separation of edges Lightly palpate for localized area of tenderness or drainange May need to culture drainange if present Assess for pain. The initial wound assessment takes in the big picture location, shape, and size. Location Location of the wound can give clues to the cause. For example, a sacral wound may be the result of sitting long time in the same position specially the elderly patient or patients has a weakness musculoskeletal system applying pressure on sacrum. Used anatomic land marks and language while documenting location of wound. For example, right medial malleolus is preferred to right inner ankle. Trochanter is preferred to left hip. Body diagram is useful to document wound location Shape Shape of wound also can shed light on the cause of the wound. For example, a linear wound on the posterior mid thigh of patients who uses a wheel chair could be caused by pressure from the edge of the seat. A triangular sacral or coccygeal wound could be due to shearing and pressure forces caused by movement in bed. Tracing is useful to document size for irregular shape. Follow the facility policies and procedure for tracing. Always be sure to written consent and adhere to facilitys policies and procedures if wound is photographed. Use wound film with size markings included or place a ruler in the photograph for perspective. Size Measure the wound in 3 dimension length, width and depth. Measurement should be always in centimeters. To measure length place the measuring guide at greatest length (head to toe) likely to measure the width place measuring guide at greatest width (side to side) never the less to measure depth gently insert a cotton-tipped applicator into the deepest part of the wound. Place a mark on the applicator at the level of the skin (may be the clinicians thumb and index finger or an actual ink mark on the applicator) then hold the applicator against a centimeter measuring device to determine the depth of the wound. if possible measuring the wound by the same nurse for each subsequent assessment. While measuring the wound depth, moisten sterile, cotton tipped applicator with sodium chloride solution. (Dont use a dry one, which could injure newly formed granulation tissue.) Place the applicator tip in the deepest aspect of the  wound  and measure the distance to the skin level. If the depth is uneven, measure several areas; document the range and which part of the  wound  is the deepest. Types of tissue   identify the types of tissue for example viable tissue i.e. granulation, clean non-granulating, epithelial non viable (necrotic) may also visualize muscle tendon subcutaneous in the  wound  bed, estimate how much of each is present, such as 60% granulation, 20% slough, and 20% Escher. Document the percentages on a flow sheet to allow for assessment  of  wound  healing or deterioration. Wound integrity    If  your  patient has a full thickness  wound, assess for undermining, a hollow between the skin surface and the  wound  bed that occurs when necrosis destroys the underlying tissue. On the other hand, it is a passageway within and beyond the  wound  walls or base.   Examine the  wound  for the presence of supporting structures, such as tendons or bones. Note any orthopaedic hardware and be alert for foreign bodies, such as sutures and staples, all of which increase infection risk.  Wounds  with tunnelling or undermining are especially vulnerable for retained dressings. Lastly, assess for foreign bodies, such as a forgotten suture or lint. Exudate Follow  your  facilitys guidelines for defining None, light, moderate and high amounts. Describe the exudates types as serous, serosanguineous, sanguinous or purulent. Infection can affect the color, consistency, and amount of exudate as well as cause an odour. Examine wound edges Check for the characteristics like attached, unattached, fibrotic or scarred (closed) and rolled edges (epibole). In full-thickness  wounds, particularly when undermining (tissue destruction that occurs underneath intact skin around the perimeter of the wound) is present, the edges may curl under and delay healing. A white, shiny appearance at the  wound  edges may be the result of epidermal cells migrating across the  wound  to resurface it, which signals healing. Peri wound skin Assess the skin around the  wound  for color, moisture, intactness, in duration, edema, pain, and presence of a rash, tropic skin changes, and infection. For example, the color can be pink, red, blue, pale white, or gray; in darker skin, you may note deeper skin tones. Pink usually indicates healthy skin; red may indicate friction, pressure, or beginning infection; blue or pale white is often a sign of compromised circulation. The skin surrounding a  wound  may have too much moisture (maceration), which could increase the patients risk of fungal or yeast infection. Assess the peri wound skin for primary skin lesions. Documentation Documentation is a very crucial tool for nurses to evaluate provide proper nursing care plan, support mutual relation between the health professionals or colleague, it facilitate to meet and maintain professional and legal standards. Documentation of complete wound assessment includes pertinent history related to the wound. Depending on nature of wound assessments flow sheet can be used as alternative to reduce the documentation time . A wound assessment will be performed and result in documented evidence of a type of wound and a etiology of wounding Location of wound Dimensions of wound Clinical appearance of the wound Amount and type of exudate Presence of infection, pain, odor or foreign bodies State of surrounding skin and alterations in sensation Physiological implications of wounding to the individual Psychosocial implications of wounding to the individual and significant other.. Some of the examples of documentation are like Patients care plan Observation chart Wound assessment chart FBC and Daily drain chart GCS Chart Progress notes, etc. Risk and Complications Sometimes, a large amount of fluid may leak from around the drain site, making the gauze dressing completely wet. If this happens, use soap and water to clean the area. Pain may accompany drain removal and persist after removal. Impaired wound healing may be a complication if fluid accumulates beneath the skin. Infection and injury to adjacent tissues may also occur. Occlusion of the tubing by fibrin, clots, or other particles can reduce or obstruct drainage. Infection may develop at the tubing exit site. Other complications may include breakage of the drain, difficulty in removal, inadvertent removal, pain, puckering scar, and visceral perforation. The patient may develop allergic reaction. .

The Roles of Individuals in their Communities in Ancient Greece Essay

The Ancient Greeks had many values that made their civilization successful, but one of the most important was their sense of community. The Greeks, especially in Classical Athens, considered their community in the decisions they made, and they were interested in the affairs of the state. It was important to them that their society was functional and productive, and their personal needs often came second to those of the state. Community was a central value in Greek culture, and the individual’s contribution to the community strengthened the state and benefitted each person. Some philosophers disagreed, with this, however, and valued independent thinking over obedience and loyalty to the state. The government structure reflected the Athenians’ belief that individual contribution is crucial for sustaining a productive society. In the Classical Era, which was from 490-323 BCE, democracy was implemented and resulted in the power over the state lying in each citizen’s hands. Every vote affected the decisions that were made for the community, and every person had a say. The democratic system increased the individual’s involvement and interest in state affairs, therefore making each citizen more aware of what was happening in his community. As Thucydides said in Pericles’ eulogy, â€Å"Here each individual is interested not only in his own affairs but in the affairs of the state as well: even those who are mostly occupied with their own business are extremely well-informed on general politics.† By being well informed, the Athenians made better choices for their polis and cared more about what was going on in their city. The specialization of labor also reflected the Athenian belief that each individual contribution is essential for ... ...i. How Electricity is Created. 28 April 2010. . Grant, Simon. Information and Technology Serving Human Development. 28 April 2010. . The Greenhouse Effect. 22 March 2010 . . Sharkey, Joe. Sometimes, You Just Have to Be There. Proquest. 22 Mar. 2010 http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=1947821801&SrchMode=2&sid=2&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1264612585&clientId=9168&cfc=1 Technology Timeline. 22 March 2010. . Torr, James D. The Information Age. Farmington Hills: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Washington State University. The Industrial Revolution. 22 March 2010 .

Macroeconomics and Managerial Decision Making Essay

A recession is defined as a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters (Farnham, 2014). The United States began to experience this crisis in 2007 and continued to feel its effects in early 2012 (Farnham, 2014). â€Å"Employment growth during the current recovery has been weak compared with past recoveries. It has taken nearly five years since the beginning of the economic expansion for nonfarm employment to return to its pre-recession peak† (Laderman & Leduc, 2014, para 2). New businesses or â€Å"start-ups† grew very slowly during the recovery phase. â€Å"Because start-ups generate jobs at a much faster pace than older businesses during recoveries, the account for a significant portion of job growth in the economy, even though their share of overall employment is quite small† (Laderman & Leduc, 2014, para 2). â€Å"Employment at start-ups was particularly hard-hit during the Great Recession, suffering a much steeper decline in growth compared with more mature businesses compared with start-ups in previous recessions† (Laderman & Leduc, 2014, para. 3). Healthcare is also affected by economic changes. The results are usually seen later than some other areas as during periods of layoff employees are generally afforded a severance package that covers their insurance for a period of time (Bassett, 2008). â€Å"Surgeries are one part of the health care industry that is affected by the economy. From out-of-pocket procedures like Lasik to surgeries covered by insurance, many patients are more reluctant to undergo procedures that are more expensive than a regular doctor’s visit† (Bassett, 2008, p. 19). The life insurance industry also felt a change in their capital levels in 2008 (Cooper & Frank, 2011). â€Å"Best summarized 2008 as â€Å"among the worst in memory for life/annuity operating performance†Ã‚  (Cooper & Frank, 2011, p. 78). Puerto Rico has been in a multiyear recession beginning in 2006 and it anticipates it will continue through 2015 with a possible end in sight beginning in 2016 (Ruiz, 2015). â€Å"Puerto Rico’s manufacturing sector has seen a sharp decline in investment since the expiration of tax-free credits in 2006, given by the US to corporations in the Commonwealth, which has been the main driver of the recession† (Ruiz, 2015, p. 1). Although the real estate market in Puerto Rico now appears to be becoming more attractive. â€Å"Puerto Rican real estate is becoming increasingly attractive, as the multiyear recession depressed price growth† (Ruiz, 2015, p. 2). A period of slow economic growth is not a good time to invest, expand, or start-up your business. Personal assets are an important part of the funding process for new businesses and the downturn of the housing market weakened the ability for many to invest, expand, or begin a young company (Laderman & Leduc, 2014). References Bassett, E. (2008). Health care sacrificed during economic slowdown. Fort Wayne Business Press, 19-19. Farnham, P.G. (2014). Economics for Managers 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Laderman, L., & Leduc, S. (2014). Slow business start-ups and the job recovery. FRBSF Economic Letter, 20. Ruiz, G. (2015). Consumption weak despite a recovery in investment. Latin American Monitor, 1-2.

Behavioral Language Assessment Part 2 (VB-MAPP) - 700 Words

Summary The topic for today’s reading was, Behavioral Language Assessment: Part 2 (VB-MAPP). In one of the assigned readings, Assessing Your Child, we read how most speech pathologists look at language as either expressive or receptive, and that talking is a learned behavior controlled by environmental variables such as motivation, reinforcement, and antecedent stimuli. As we talk, we receive some sort of acknowledgement for our speech and this is how language begins to take shape in typically developing babies. Speech pathologist call expressive language to what is known as the four primary verbal operant (the mand, tact, echoic, and interverbal), and receptive language to the nonverbal operant (imitation, and visual performance).†¦show more content†¦Their purpose is to determine what aspects of a childs verbal repertoire are weak and where to begin a language intervention program, which is done by testing the childs language skills (the mand, tact, echoic, interverbal, imitation, and visual performance) and presenting them with an increasingly complex set of receptive and expressive tasks. The primary goal of these language assessments is to identify a childs age-equivalent linguistic level, which are obtained by a comparison of the childs score on the test to the average language abilities of a large group of typically developing children. Language assessments that focus on age-equivalent scores, and the traditional receptive and expressive distinction, are less useful to parent and teachers who simply need direction for working with a particular child. Finally, we should never forget the role that an early intervention plays in the child’s language development. Barbera Introduction, presented how an early intervention is critical for working with children who have some severe difficulties with language, socializing or communicating. Because treatment programs are more effective when started at early age including disorders as mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorders like autism, which are considered the most difficult to treat by the American Psychiatrist Association’sShow MoreRelatedThe Mapp, Curriculum Based Measurement, And The Social Skills Improvement System1996 Words   |  8 PagesThe three assessments that I will be comparing and contrasting are the VB-MAPP, Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM), and the Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS). These assessments have a few things in common. First, they all measure student growth and progress in a clear, visual manner. For example, both parts of the SSIS address difficulties related to problem behavior. The targeted assessments (the Social Skills Improvement System) rating scale clearly demonstrates areas of difficulty in social